honeysuckle maggot - hybridization of 2 fruit eating maggot species in order to accomodate a new introduced species of plant neither were equipped to eat. ~200 years (estimated since the plant has only existed in americas for ~200 years
samurai crabs - human assisted evolution. crabs of the same species existed in waters off japan. but because local fisherman found it to be bad luck to eat the ones whose shells looked like samurai masks, they threw them back allowing them to breed more and now a bulk of the crabs from that species have the samurai mask markings. effectively creating a new species of crab. (some argue this one but its just a small example)
mules - hybrid of horse and donkey, even with different number of chromosome pairs they manage to occasionally produce fertile mules. very rare but if this becomes more common and this trait is allowed to proliferate, it will be come a self-sufficient wholly new species.
fruit flies- genetic variations have been tracked to different climates. due to their quick lifespan and numerous generations per year, they are showing the first stages of genetic diversification based on a ecological change. stay tuned for further genetic variation and inevitible survival/exctintion of the successful/failes species until they evolve into completely different species.
man - skeletal structures, brain size and composition, immunilogical changes have all been documented as recent as 100 years and varying over different geographical zones. in extreme cases you could look at pygmies. in a million years christians will be arguing there is no way those fossilized pygmy skeletons are related to the other human skeletons. they just look too different!
dont get me started on bacterial/viral evolution. basically EVERY strain is effectively a different genetic makeup and since new strains appear all the time (some with dramatic changes in makeup) they are probably the most closely watched organisms to understand evolution. i.e -
Cholera - it used to strike a victim down relatively quickly in areas with poor water supply or centralized water supplies. this was effective because the person could reinfect the water sources for transmission of the disease. as people developed better water systems and less centralized, the disease evolved to a less virulent form to expand its chances of infecting a viable water source.
there are many more so i could go on for a while but consider many species of moths, whales with vestigial "hand bones", many plant species, anything humans selectively bred (even if we helped it it is still a form of evolution) from better crops to custom labradoodles.
this should be a decent list to springboard your education into real evolution.