Please let this be a Poe/troll.....oh I see the guilty party is here. Well, then sit down and let me see if I can explain. Actually, you seem like you need this to be branded on your brain, so while that iron is heating up, here goes:
1. The earth is moving, but since that means that everyone and everything on it is pretty much moving at the same speed, the ball does not move when placed on level ground. Plus, there's a little thing called gravity. Pretty sure it plays a role as well. (Someone correct me if I'm wrong on that point.)
2. Well with a telescope, we're looking up into outer space. Due to a little thing called curvature (the earth is a sphere, after all), we can't actually see far-off things unless they are tall enough to be seen beyond the curve.
3. Incorrect. Gravity has always been a force, never weight. It's why your feet remain on the ground, and why you come back down when you jump. It's why your pet dog doesn't go flying off into the sky when he jumps to catch a ball.
4. Perspective. The farther you are from a certain thing or point on the ground, the more space there is for light from other objects to reach your field of vision.
5. Refraction. Specifically, how light is refracted through water, which is why rainbows are curved. Wavelengths of each color differ, which is why rainbows are layered.
6. Earthquakes are a case of changing movement. If you've been on a train or in a car, you already are familiar with this: So long as you keep traveling in one direction, and the ride is smooth, you stop noticing that you're moving at all. Should the train change direction, or the car make a turn or go over a bump, you WILL notice.
7. re: lava - Gravity. The same force that keeps us on the ground also keeps the lava, aka magma, inside the earth. Think of drinking soda with a straw. Why does it take you sucking on the straw to get the liquid moving? Because when you start to drink, the air pressure in your mouth is reduced. The pressure on the soda hasn't changed, thus it is forced up the tube into your mouth. It's a matter of equalizing pressure.
8. Now, that little label that says "height" on your ID card or medical records. That's a dimension too. Height is like an imaginary line that starts at the ground and is drawn straight up so it reaches for the sky. It's vertical, not horizontal/flat, which is what length is classified as.
If you just skipped ahead to this part, I'm afraid you're wasting your time and ours. Please leave.
However, assuming you actually read and tried to understand what I said....what did I do with that brand....oh here it is.....
And anyone with a far better grasp of physics, do tell if I missed something or completely screwed up somehow.